Working Paper

Institute for Future Strategy

IFS Working Paper 2026-01 (Vol. 3)

Social Polarization and National Integration in South Korea

Determinants of Divergent Preferences for Nuclear Energy

Jeong Hun Han (Professor, Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University)

This study examines the factors shaping individual differences in preferences for the use of nuclear energy amid ongoing social conflict over nuclear power in South Korea. It compares the explanatory power of three theoretical perspectives on preferences for nuclear energy: rational choice theory, risk perception theory, and political mobilization theory. Using data from the 2025 National Survey on Conflict Resolution and Social Integration in South Korea conducted by the Institute for Future Strategy at Seoul National University, the study employs an ordered logistic regression model, with support for the continued operation and expanded use of nuclear power as the dependent variable. The results show that respondents who prioritize economic growth and job creation are more likely to support nuclear energy, whereas those who prioritize environmental protection are less supportive. Contrary to expectations, trust in the president and a preference for expert-led policymaking are associated with opposition to nuclear energy. Political mobilization also plays an important role: supporters of the Democratic Party of Korea are relatively less supportive of nuclear energy, while respondents with greater ideological distance from President Lee Jae-myung are more likely to support its use. These findings suggest that public acceptance of nuclear energy is shaped not only by economic interests and risk perceptions but also by political cues and partisan factors. The study argues that reducing social conflict over nuclear energy policy requires deliberation and governance that address political and social dimensions alongside technical and economic considerations.

Keywords: nuclear energy, preferences for nuclear energy use, risk perception, political cues, party support, energy transition policy