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Korea’s rapid economic growth, often called the “Miracle on the Han River,” was largely driven by strong human capital developed through education. In the past, education served as a key pathway for social mobility and earned widespread public trust. However, today’s education system is widely criticized for failing to produce creative and practical talent. The university admissions system—centered on standardized testing and an excessive emphasis on fairness—has led to rote learning and suppressed creativity, weakening education’s role as a driver of growth and even contributing to social issues such as low birth rates. Although policy goals emphasize creativity and critical thinking, these have not been effectively implemented in practice. Looking ahead, advancements in AI and demographic changes offer opportunities for more personalized and flexible education, but substantial reform is urgently needed for Korea to remain competitive in the future.